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All about Vanguard in Europe

Franklin Silva| Updated December 18th, 2023
Vanguard Europe - Brokerage Platform, Index Funds, & More

In the United States, Vanguard is widely known for enabling customers to open an account to invest in stocks, bonds, options, ETFs, and mutual funds (meaning Index Funds, whose sole function is to track an index).

In Europe, only residents of the UK (United Kingdom) can open an account with Vanguard. As such, if you are a resident of any other European region, you aren’t so fortunate. However, you can still invest in Vanguard ETFs through different investment platforms.

Do you want to discover the best alternatives to a Vanguard Account or learn about Index Funds in Europe? Keep on reading. Here’s what we’ll cover:

What is Vanguard, and why does it hold an extraordinary reputation in the US?

Founded in 1975, Vanguard is the 2nd largest investment company (after BlackRock) with $8+ trillion in assets under management and 30+ million clients trusting their services!

John Bogle, the deceased founder of Vanguard, made history in 1976 by creating the first index fund available for retail investors (people like you and us). The original name was “First Index Investment Trust”, though nowadays, its official name is “Vanguard 500 Index Fund Investor Shares”. Its central premise is that buying and holding the broad stock market would provide better results than trying to beat it by picking active managers. Since then, investment costs have dramatically decreased for all market participants.

In addition to Mutual Funds and ETFs, Vanguard also offers brokerage, financial planning, trust services (more positioned for the individual US investor), and Vanguard business accounts. The brokerage segment was introduced in 1983 to add diversification by combining stocks and bonds to the mutual funds segment. The Vanguard brokerage was not designed for short-term traders but was orientated more towards long-term investors (buy-and-hold strategies).

Is Vanguard available in Europe? What are their expansion plans?

Vanguard is only available for US and UK retail investors. Unless you are a professional investor, you will not open a personal account in any other European country*. Vanguard is present worldwide but not for retail accounts, nor are there any announcements indicating when Vanguard will be coming to any other countries apart from the US and UK.

However, not allowing you to invest through their platform is not synonymous with “you can’t invest in Vanguard financial products”. As a European, you are perfectly eligible to invest in the wide range of Vanguard ETFs available on the market. Yep, you may buy an ETF tracking the S&P 500, DAX, or any other of the leading indices! You have a range of 45+ Vanguard ETFs to choose from. Keep in mind that all these ETFs are EU-domiciled. (See the explanation below – it’s important!)

So, since you can invest in Vanguard products but not in their platform, we must consider other platforms, and that’s exactly what we have for you!

*From our e-mail contact: “For amounts over €1 million (or currency equivalent) per fund, you may open a direct account with Vanguard via our Transfer Agency BBH. BBH directly will be able to provide details on the account opening process for private investors. Please be advised that any account opened with our agent would be established on an execution-only basis and would be subject to meeting the initial investment minimum for any fund you are investing in”.

ETFs and Index Funds: what’s the difference?

In the US, everyone talks about mutual funds (or Index Funds as they are known worldwide). In Europe, everyone talks about ETFs. What’s the difference?

The only difference between Index Funds and ETFs is that ETFs can be bought or sold at any time during the day (like a stock), whereas Index Funds are only priced at the end of the day (like an active mutual fund).

In practice, investing through ETFs and/or Index Funds should present very similar returns since the underlying assets are the same (as long as you track the same benchmark).

Since you can only buy Index Funds directly from the provider, they are often not as common across borders. Currently, in Europe, Vanguard only offers Index Funds to UK residents.

Unlike Index Funds, ETFs are common in Europe because they are easily available in multiple stock exchanges without much distribution costs to the fund provider.

At the end of the day, using an ETF or Index Fund structure should not matter since the output should be the same (though there may be slight differences due to tracking error and TER).

Why are US-domiciled funds not available in Europe?

You have probably heard of SPY, VOO, IVV, etc. These are tickers of the largest passive funds available in the US and not in Ireland. Why? This is related to the Packaged Retail Investment and Insurance Products (PRIIPs), which define a set of EU regulations to protect consumers.

At the beginning of 2018, alongside the MiFID II regulation, PRIIPs scrutiny demanded that all ETFs commercialized in Europe should fulfill the regulatory framework of the European Commission, which was implemented to create a harmonized regime in the EU-domiciled ETF market.

Have you ever noticed that the Key Investor Information Documents (KIIDs) have two pages and present the Objectives and Investment Policy, Risk and Reward Profile, Charges, and Past Performance in a very similar layout? This doesn’t happen by chance, EU rules are being applied.

So far, US-domiciled ETFs have not complied with these regulatory changes on time since their clients are still prominently US-based, so it’s not a priority for them to change their procedures at their own cost.

However, PRIIP legislation leaves room for different interpretations since some financial institutions in Europe allow their clients to invest in financial instruments based in the US, which brings even more ambiguity to the table! Even so, we strongly suggest you avoid this method since you may be subject to high foreign exchange costs, you would be under a different regulatory body (thus presenting potential legal issues), and you may be charged higher taxes if you do not sign a W-8BEN.

Vanguard Platform alternatives in Europe

Our pre-selected alternatives allow you to implement the same long-term philosophy with similarly low costs as those you would find in Vanguard. Moreover, the online brokers we identify below even provide additional features: user-friendly mobile and desktop versions, watchlists, financial data, news, and many more! You may not need this sort of platform as a long-term investor, but at least you have the tools in case you call for it in the future.

Here are our top picks:

eToro

Commission-free stock and ETF trading (other fees apply). You can also copy other traders/investors. Slick, modern, and easy for anyone to use. It is trusted by over 30 million clients worldwide.
Disclaimer: eToro is a multi-asset investment platform. The value of your investments may go up or down. Your capital is at risk.

Interactive Brokers

Founded in 1978, IBKR is one of the world’s most trustworthy brokers. It offers an enormous range of financial products (stocks, ETFs, Options,…), and low currency conversion fees (FX fees).
💡 Interactive Brokers also launched IBKR GlobalTrader, a modern mobile trading app to trade Stocks, Options and ETFs, ideal for novice investors.

DEGIRO

Low-cost broker where you can buy stocks and ETFs.
Disclaimer: Investing involves risk of loss.

Some of these trading platforms are quite recent. Despite this, we have noticed that all of them could withstand the massive spike in volatility that occurred due to Covid-19, especially in March and April of 2020. We hadn’t seen that type of market instability since 2007–08, during the Global Financial Crisis, so this gives us good comfort to know that none of these apps suddenly crashed – as happened with Robinhood, a free US-based online broker.

Vanguard Alternatives in Europe

# eToro

etoro logo
Visit eToroAll about Vanguard in Europe 1

76% of retail CFD accounts lose money.

eToro at a glance

0% Commissions(Stocks and ETFs)
Mobile App
ProductsETFs, Stocks, Cryptocurrencies and CFDs on Stocks, ETFs, Commodities, Forex, Indices and Cryptocurrencies
Minimum Deposit50$ (it varies between countries)
RegulatorsCySEC, FCA, and ASIC

eToro is the world’s leading social trading platform, with over 30 million clients in more than 140 countries. This platform allows retail account holders to mimic the trades and trading strategies of the most successful clients automatically and in real time.

Still, it does not solely focus on social trading! It is also a multi-asset platform offering many different financial instruments to trade, such as CFDs, ETFs, stocks, commodities, Forex, and cryptocurrencies. eToro provides 0% commission on stock and ETF trading (other fees apply). The spreads on CFDs may vary according to each financial product, so bear this in mind before placing an order.

Visually, the website and mobile app are nearly identical. They are attractively laid out and incredibly simplified. The account opening process is pretty easy and fast. You only need a couple of minutes to sign up and follow the identification procedure. Moreover, if you are not yet comfortable with investing or its comprehensive dashboard, eToro provides you with a practice account.

eToro is considered safe since top-tier financial authorities like the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) regulate it, and it has shown resilience during the Covid-19 market turmoil.

On the downside, it only has one account base currency (USD) and charges a 5$ commission per withdrawal. Plus, cost-free trading only applies when you trade real stocks or ETFs. In other words, if you leverage your positions, you’re trading CFDs and not real stocks or ETFs – so, you will incur spreads and overnight fees.

If you are interested, please read our review of eToro.

CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 76% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Vanguard Alternatives in Europe

# Interactive Brokers

interactive brokers logo
Visit Interactive BrokersAll about Vanguard in Europe 1

Interactive Brokers at a glance

0% Commissions
Mobile App
ProductsStocks, ETFs, Bonds, Forex, Funds, Commodities, Options, Futures and CFDs
Minimum deposit0€
RegulatorsFINRA, SIPC, SEC, CFTC, IIROC, FCA, CBI, AFSL, SFC, SEBI, MAS, MNB

Founded in 1978 and publicly listed in NASDAQ (ticker: IBKR), Interactive Brokers is a global online broker that surpassed major financial crises, showing resilience and a rigorous risk management process.

Interactive Brokers offers an advanced investment platform that includes a wide range of products (stocks, options, mutual funds, ETFs, futures, bonds, and currencies) from 150 markets, solid trade execution (IB SmartRouting), and a set of technical and fundamental tools to help you in your investment decisions.

Beginners and intermediate investors have educational tools to explore, but the learning curve will be steep. That´s why we mainly endorse it to more advanced traders. Besides, customer service gives crystal clear answers to your doubts, so there is no need to go back and forth.

On the downside, Interactive Brokers’ fee structure is quite complex, the registration process is lengthy but fully online, and the broker doesn’t offer commission-free trading. However, when considering FX fees, narrower spreads, and the stock loan program, Interactive Brokers’ clients still get significant savings compared to most brokers.

Interactive Brokers also launched IBKR GlobalTrader, a modern mobile trading app to trade Stocks, Options, and ETFs, ideal for beginner investors. Some of the features of IBKR GlobalTrader include automatic currency conversions, fractional shares, demo account, and more.

Want to know more about Interactive Brokers? Check our Interactive Brokers Review.

Vanguard Alternatives in Europe

# DEGIRO

Degiro Review – Degiro Logo - Investing in the Web
Visit DEGIROAll about Vanguard in Europe 1

Investing involves risk of loss.

DEGIRO at a glance

0% Commissions
Mobile App
ProductsStocks, Funds, ETFs, Futures, Leveraged Products, Bonds, and Warrants
Minimum Deposit€1
RegulatorsAFM, DNB

Founded in 2013, Degiro is a low-cost brokerage firm that has become very popular due to its low rates! With over 2.5 million users, the innovative platform has become widely known for its “do-it-yourself” philosophy in the sense that you have everything at your disposal to start investing on your own. It offers a wide range of financial assets to trade, including stocks, ETFs, bonds, options, futures contracts, warrants, investment funds, and some leveraged products (not quite the same as CFDs. More info here).

For instance, you can trade some ETFs for free (a €1.00 flat handling fee – external costs – still apply) with no minimum amount required. The web trading platform is basic, but it is efficient and straightforward to use. In a matter of minutes, you get used to it. The same applies to its mobile app. On the downside, there is an absence of any significant fundamental research, a €2.50 connectivity fee applies, and pricing alerts are missing.

Regarding security, Degiro is the Dutch branch of flatexDEGIRO Bank AG (a German-regulated bank). In the unlikely event that the segregated assets cannot be returned to clients, Degiro falls under the German Investor Compensation Scheme, which compensates any losses from non-returned assets up to 90% (with a maximum of €20,000), so do bear this in mind if you are planning to invest much larger volumes. Furthermore, any money deposited on a DEGIRO Cash Account with flatexDEGIRO Bank AG will be guaranteed up to an amount of €100,000 under the German Deposit Guarantee Scheme.

Still any doubts? Go through our Degiro Review!

Vanguard ETFs/Index Funds Alternatives in Europe

As stated above, you will find 45+ EU-based Vanguard ETFs, so you still have plenty of choices. However, other ETF providers offer ETFs in other asset classes, and in some instances, these are even cheaper than Vanguard.

  • IShares: As a subsidiary of Blackrock, iShares is the largest provider of ETFs in the world. You can find any asset class under this umbrella structure. In Europe, you will find 340+ ETFs from this provider alone.
  • Lyxor: As a subsidiary of Société Générale, Lyxor has been present in the ETF industry since 2001, being one of the pioneers in this segment. It has 200+ ETFs domiciled in Europe.
  • xTrackers: It is a family of ETFs available to European investors managed by DWS, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bank. Their offering covers all asset classes with 200+ ETFs in the market.
  • Amundi: It offers a wide range of simple and transparent tracking options. In Europe, you will find over 120 ETFs from this provider.

Before selecting an ETF, make sure you find out what the replication method is. In other words, whether it is physical or synthetic. Physical ETFs trade the real underlying assets of the index, whereas synthetic ETFs don’t hold physical securities. Instead, they use financial derivatives in an attempt to achieve the same results.

Despite being cheaper, synthetic ETFs come with an additional hazard: counterpart risk. They rely on swap contracts to execute their investment strategy, which means if the counterpart that ensures the future cash flows generated by the index cannot meet those obligations, you may lose all your money. A way to balance this risk is by providing collateral but, honestly, stick to the physical ones—you’ll avoid one more headache!

Take a look at the full list of ETFs based in Europe.

The bottom line

Whether you are looking for a viable Vanguard Platform alternative or a particular EU-domiciled ETF that offers the same exposure to a specific index that any US-based ETF would, we think you are well served with the alternatives we reference.

ETFs are reasonably straightforward. Choosing an investment platform can be a bit more challenging. In general, it is always crucial to be aware of the fees, to make sure that top-tier institutions regulate the platforms you are considering, to know the range of products you can trade (not all platforms allow you to trade EU stocks, for instance), and to determine how responsive the customer service is, among other factors.

The critical aspect is always knowing how aligned the platform/company’s interests are with your particular needs. Each investor has a set of requirements. Unfortunately, it is humanly impossible to help every one of you individually, but we are convinced that our solutions will fit more than 90% of our readers.

Take your time and choose wisely!

A reminder that the above should not be construed as investment advice and should be considered information only. Investors should do their own research and due diligence about the services and opportunities to determine which are best suited for their risk, returns, and impact strategy.

We hope we have helped. Please leave your comments below.

Happy investments!

FAQs about Vanguard

Does Vanguard work in Switzerland? Can Swiss investors use the Vanguard trading app? 🇨🇭

No, Vanguard is not available in Switzerland (assuming you are not a professional investor). However, you can still invest in Vanguard ETFs through different platforms.

Is Vanguard available in Belgium? 🇧🇪

No, the Vanguard trading app is also not available in Belgium. It is only available for US and UK clients.

Does Vanguard operate in Italy? 🇮🇹

No, Vanguard does not operate in Italy for retail (non-professional) investors. However, you can still invest in Vanguard ETFs from Italy through other platforms.

Franklin Silva
Co-Founder & Fintech Analyst

Franklin is a CFA Level III Candidate with 3 years of experience in Wealth Management as a Fund Research Analyst and the Host of the "Edge Over Hedge" YouTube Channel.

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